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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513955

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los efectos del confinamiento (COVID-19), en la salud física y psicológica, en universitarios de Educación física de Chile. La metodología es cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva; la muestra estuvo constituida por 254 estudiantes pertenecientes a siete universidades chilenas. El 63% de la muestra fueron hombres (n = 160) y 37% mujeres (n = 94). La recogida de la información fue por medio del cuestionario auto informe del Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Los resultados muestran que la variable Actividad Física en confinamiento se relacionó de forma negativa y significativa con la variable de IMC y Uso de Medios de Comunicación. Al relacionarse con Conductas Asociadas al Confinamiento y Escala de Experiencias Positivas ante la Adversidad, fue positiva y significativa; en relación a la Escala de Distres, se correlacionó negativa significativamente, de igual manera con la Escala de interferencia por el Coronavirus y Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Se concluye que existen efectos negativos para la salud física y psicológica de los estudiantes de Educación física producto del confinamiento y algunos positivos como el autocuidado y sistemas de protección.


The objective of this study was to relate the effects of confinement (COVID-19) on physical and mental health in physical education undergraduate students in Chile. The methodology is quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The sample consisted of 254 students belonging to seven Chilean universities. Sixty-three percent of the sample were men (n = 160), whereas 37% were women (n = 94). The information was collected through the self-report questionnaire on the Psychological Impact of Coronavirus. The results show that the variable Physical Activity in confinement was negatively and significantly related to the variable of BMI and use of communication media. When relating to behaviors associated with confinement and the Scale of Positive Experiences in the Face of Adversity (EEPA, by its initials in Spanish), it was positive and significant. Concerning the Distress Scale, it was significantly negatively correlated, in the same way with the Coronavirus Interference Scale and the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire. It is concluded that there are negative effects on the physical and psychological health of Physical Education students as a result of confinement and some positive ones, such as self-care and protection systems.


O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar os efeitos do confinamento (COVID-19) na saúde física e psicológica em estudantes universitários de educação física no Chile. A metodologia é quantitativa, transversal, descritiva; A amostra foi composta por 254 estudantes pertencentes a 7 universidades chilenas. 63% da amostra eram homens (n = 160) e 37% mulheres (n = 94) As informações foram coletadas por meio do questionário de autorrelato sobre o Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Os resultados mostram que a variável Atividade Física em confinamento esteve negativa e significativamente relacionada com a variável IMC e Uso de Meios de Comunicação. Quanto aos Comportamentos Associados ao Confinamento e à Escala de Experiências Positivas Face à Adversidade, foi positivo e significativo; em relação à Escala de Aflição, apresentou correlação negativa significativa, da mesma forma com a Escala de Interferência do Coronavírus e o Questionário de Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Conclui-se que existem efeitos negativos na saúde física e psicológica dos alunos de Educação Física decorrentes do confinamento e alguns positivos como o autocuidado e os sistemas de proteção.

2.
MHSalud ; 19(2)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1405519

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en futbolistas profesionales en cinco temporadas. Se efectuó un estudio transversal (comparativo). Se estudió a 120 futbolistas, donde cada cohorte por año se evaluó a 24 futbolistas. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 37 años. Se evaluó a los futbolistas al inicio de cada temporada en los años 2012 a 2016: Se midió el peso, la estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos (Tríceps, subescapular, supra-iliaco, abdominal, muslo y pantorrilla). Se calculó el Índice de Masa corporal IMC, % de grasa, la masa grasa y masa libre de grasa MLG. El tejido adiposo se agrupó en tres grupos (brazo: (tricpes+subescapular, tronco: suprailiaco+abdominal, Piernas: muslo+pantorrilla). Hubo diferencias en el peso corporal, la estatura, la sumatoria de los 6 pliegues y la MLG a lo largo de los 5 años. [año 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7.8kg, estatura: 177.6±5.7cm, Pliegues: 58.7±12.8mm, MLG: 64.5±6.3mm), año 2013: (Peso: 77.8±6.4kg, Estatura: 178,4±4.4, Pliegues: 60.1±15.9mm, MLG:66.3±3.5mm), año 2014: (Peso: 74.9±5.7kg, Estatura: 177.0±5.8cm, Pliegues: 54.4±14.7mm, MLG: 64.5±4.5kg), año 2015: (Peso: 74.1±6.8kg, Estatura: 176.1±5.5cm, Pliegues: 54.9±15.6mm, MLG: 63.8±4.6kg), año 2016: (Peso: 72.7±kg, Estatura: 175.3±6.9kg, Pliegues: 50.8±12.mm, MLG: 62.8±5.9kg)]. Este estudio verificó que el perfil antropométrico y el tejido adiposo de los futbolistas fueron disminuyendo en cada temporada, mientras que la MLG reflejó similares valores en cada uno de las cohortes evaluadas.


Abstract The present cross-sectional (comparative) study aimed to compare the anthropometric and body composition parameters in professional soccer players over five seasons. It was conducted on 120 soccer players grouped in a cohort of 24 subjects per year. The age range was 18 to 37 years. The footballers were evaluated at the beginning of each season from 2012 to 2016; weight, height, six skin folds (triceps, subscapularis, supra-iliac, abdominal, thigh, and calf) were evaluated from 2012 to 2015. The Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, fat mass, and FFM were calculated. The adipose tissue was grouped into three groups: arm (triceps + subscapular), trunk (supra iliac + abdominal), and legs (thigh + calf). Body weight, height, the sum of the 6 folds, and the MLG varied during the 5 years. For 2012 the results were the following: Weight, 76.6 ± 7.8kg; Height, 177.6 ± 5.7cm; Folds, 58.7 ± 12.8mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 6.3mm). In 2013, these were the results: Weight, 77.8 ± 6.4kg; Height, 178, 4 ± 4.4; Folds, 60.1 ± 15.9mm; MLG, 66.3 ± 3.5mm). These were the measures obtained in 2014: Weight, 74.9 ± 5.7kg; Height, 177.0 ± 5.8cm; Folds, 54.4 ± 14.7mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 4.5kg ). And these were of the year 2015: Weight, 74.1 ± 6.8kg; Height, 176.1 ± 5.5cm; Folds, 54.9 ± 15.6mm; MLG, 63.8 ± 4.6kg). Finally, in 2016 these were the measures collected: Weight, 72.7 ± kg; Height, 175.3 ± 6.9 kg; Folds, 50.8 ± 12.mm; MLG, 62.8 ± 5.9kg. This study verified that the soccer players' anthropometric profile and adipose tissue decreased each season, while the MLG reflected similar values in each of the evaluated cohorts.


Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal em jogadores profissionais de futebol durante cinco temporadas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal (comparativo). Foi estudado um total de 120 jogadores de futebol, onde cada coorte por ano foram avaliados 24 jogadores. A faixa etária era de 18 a 37 anos. Os futebolistas foram avaliados no início de cada temporada, nos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram medidas altura, peso, seis dobras da pele (tríceps, subescapular, supra ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e calcanhar). Foram calculados índice de massa corporal IMC, % de gordura, massa de gordura e massa livre de gordura MLG. O tecido adiposo foi agrupado em três grupos (braço: tríceps + subescapular, tronco: suprailíaco + abdominal, pernas: coxa + calcanhar). Houve diferenças no peso corporal, na altura, a soma de 6 dobras e a MLG ao longo dos 5 anos: ano 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7,8kg, Altura: 177,6±5,7cm, Dobras: 58,7±12,8mm, GLM: 64,5±6,3mm), ano 2013 (Peso: 77,8±6,4kg, Altura: 178,4±4,4, Dobras: 60,1±15,9mm, GLM:66,3±3.5mm), ano 2014 (Peso: 74,9±5,7kg, Altura: 177,0±5,8cm, Dobras: 54,4±14,7mm, GLM: 64,5±4,5kg), ano 2015 (Peso: 74,1±6,8kg, Altura: 176,1±5,5cm, Dobras: 54,9±15,6mm, GLM: 63,8±4,6kg), ano 2016 (Peso: 72,7±kg, Altura: 175,3±6,9kg, Dobras: 50,8±12,mm, GLM: 62,8±5,9kg). Este estudo verificou que o perfil antropométrico e o tecido adiposo dos jogadores de futebol diminuíram em cada temporada, enquanto que a MLG refletiu valores similares em cada um dos coortes avaliados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Soccer , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Chile
3.
J. Phys. Educ. (Maringá) ; 33: e3328, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385987

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The objective is to understand the conceptions that Physical Education teachers have about Activities in Nature (ACN) that occur in the school context. The research is based on the interpretive paradigm with qualitative methodology, in which a semi-structured interview was applied to 12 high school Physical Education teachers in the city of Talca-Chile. The results indicate that these activities, among other things, contribute to a greater environmental awareness on the part of students, enabling the realization of different bodily practices in the natural environment. It is concluded that teachers need more training in the area, as the ACN become a pedagogical strategy that privileges autonomy, reflection and the development of values, fundamental issues for the integral development of young people and adolescents.


RESUMO O objetivo é compreender as concepções que os professores de Educação Física têm sobre as Atividades em Contato com a Natureza (ACN) que ocorrem no contexto escolar. A pesquisa se baseia no paradigma interpretativo com metodologia qualitativa, em que foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada a 12 professores de Educação Física do ensino médio da cidade de Talca-Chile. Os resultados indicam que essas atividades, entre outras coisas, contribuem para uma maior consciência ambiental por parte dos alunos, possibilitando a realização de diferentes práticas corporais no ambiente natural. Conclui-se que os professores necessitam de maior formação na área, visto que as ACN tournarm-se uma estratégia pedagógica que privilegia a autonomia, a reflexão e o desenvolvimento de valores, questões fundamentais para o desenvolvimento integral de jovens e adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training/methods , Nature , Environment , Faculty/education , Schools , Teaching/education , Curriculum , Education, Primary and Secondary , Mentoring , Learning
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(1): 84-89, feb. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385325

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las características antropométricas y de composición corporal en jóvenes tenistas de elite chilenos. El estudio fue de carácter descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra de 84 tenistas (58 varones 15,5 ± 0,76 años y 26 damas, 15,3 ± 0,8 años), fue seleccionada de forma no probabilística por conveniencia. Se evaluaron variables antropométricas de peso, estatura, estatura sentada, pliegues cutáneos (bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, supraespinal, abdominal, muslo anterior y pierna medial), perímetros (brazo flexionado, muslo medio y pierna) y diámetros (biepicondíleo de húmero y del fémur). Se realizaron análisis antropométricos y cálculos para determinar la composición corporal y el somatotipo de los sujetos participantes. Los resultados para los varones fueron, peso corporal 64,3±7,94 kg, estatura 1,74 ± 0,08 m, porcentaje de grasa 16,6±4,1 %, de componente Mesomorfo balan- ceado. Las damas presentaron un peso corporal 49,8±6,9 kg, estatura 1,65±0,03 m, porcentaje de grasa 19,3±4,8%,de componente Ectomorfo balanceado. En general, ambos grupos muestran características antropométricas y de composición corporal similares a otros grupos de tenistas juveniles, a excepción del somatotipo en el caso de las damas.


SUMMARY: The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics and body composition in young Chilean elite tennis players aged 14 to 16 years. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A non-probability convenience sampling of 84 tennis players (58 males 15.5 ± 0.76 years old and 26 females, 15.3 ± 0.8 years old) was selected. Anthropometric variables of weight, height, sitting height, skin folds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, abdominal, anterior thigh and medial leg), perimeters (flexed arm, middle thigh and leg) and diameters (humerus and femur) were evaluated. Anthropometric analysis and calculations were performed to determine the body composition and somatotype of the participanting subjects. The results for males were, body weight 64.3 ± 7.94 kg, height 1.74 ± 0.08 m, percentage of fat 16.6 ± 4.1%, balanced mesomorph component. The females had a body weight of 49.8 ± 6.9 kg, height of 1.65 ± 0.03 m, percentage of fat 19.3 ± 4.8%, balanced ectomorph component. In general, both groups showed similar anthropometric and body composition characteristics as compared to other groups of young tennis players, with the exception of the somatotype in the case of the females.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Body Composition , Tennis , Anthropometry , Somatotypes , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352785

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN. El estudio se centró en determinar los niveles de actividad física que presentan los escolares de 10 a 11 años que asisten a un Colegio de la Ciudad de Concepción, relacionarlo y compararlo con la flexibilidad. La metodología utilizada corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo-correlacional; con muestreo intencionado, se evaluó a 49 escolares, para medir el nivel de actividad física se utilizó la encuesta INTA y para medir la flexibilidad se utilizó el test de V-Sit And Reach. Se utilizó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk arrojando la normalidad de los datos, la prueba Z score para establecer medias, la prueba t de Student para el nivel de significancia entre grupo, y, por último, en la relación de las variables se empleó la correlación de Pearson. Los resultados muestran que las niñas tienen un nivel de flexibilidad mayor a los niños siendo estadísticamente significativa, en cambio en el nivel de actividad física se obtiene un nivel regular no existiendo diferencias significativas. No existe correlación entre las variables estudiadas.


ABSTRACT. The study focuses on determining levels of physical activity presented by children between the ages 10 and 11, attending a school in the City of Concepción, relating it and comparing it with flexibility. The methodology used corresponds to a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study; with intentional sampling, 49 students were evaluated, the INTA survey was used to assess the level of physical activity, and the V-Sit And Reach test were used to measure flexibility. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used, yielding the normality of the data, the Z score test to establish means, the Student's T test for the level of significance between the groups, and, finally, for the relationship of the variables, Pearson's correlation was used. The results show that girls have a higher level of flexibility than boys, being statistically significant, while in the level of physical activity a regular level is obtained, without significant differences. There is no correlation between the variables studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Students , Exercise , Range of Motion, Articular , Chile , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(12)dic. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389273

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Aging causes an involution of anthropometric and health indices that can affect physical fitness. Aim: To determine the influence of anthropometric and health indices on the physical fitness of elderly women. Material and Methods: Anthropometric parameters, serum lipids, blood glucose and physical fitness evaluated using Senior Fitness Test, were assessed in 140 women aged 70 ± 5 years. The association between parameters was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression models. Results: In the regression models serum lipids and the suprailiac skinfold were significant predictors of the up and go test (R2= 0.48). HDL cholesterol and the level of physical activity were predictors of the two minutes step test (R2= 0.31). Serum lipids, suprailiac skinfold and age were predictors of the back-scratch test (R2= 0.41). Fasting blood glucose and HDL cholesterol were predictors of the chair sit and reach test (R2= 0.24). Serum lipids and body mass index were predictors of the arm curl test (R2= 0.37). Body mass index and serum lipids were predictors of the chair stand test (R2= 0.49). Conclusions: Anthropometric variables, serum lipid levels and blood glucose were predictors of different physical fitness parameters in these women.


Antecedentes: El envejecimiento causa involución de indices antropométricos y de salud, los cuales pueden afectar la condición física. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de indices antropométricos y de salud sobre la condición física de mujeres mayores. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron parámetros antropométricos, lípidos séricos y la condición física mediante el "senior fitness test" en 140 mujeres de 70 ± 5 años. La asociación entre variables se evaluó mediante correlaciones simples y modelos de regresión múltiple. Resultados: En los modelos de regresión múltiple, los lípidos séricos y pliegue suprailíaco fueron predictores significativos de la prueba de levantarse, caminar y volver a sentarse (R2 = 0,48). El colesterol HDL y el nivel de actividad física fueron predictores de la prueba de dos minutos de marcha (R2 = 0,310). Los lípidos séricos, el pliegue suprailíaco y la edad fueron predictores de la prueba de juntar las manos tras la espalda (R2 = 0,41). La glicemia en ayunas y el colesterol HDL fueron predictores de la prueba de flexión del tronco en silla (R2 = 0,24). El índice de masa corporal y los lípidos séricos fueron predictores de la prueba de flexo-extensión de codo (R2= 0,37). El índice de masa corporal y los lípidos séricos fueron predictores de la prueba de sentarse y levantarse de una silla (R2 = 0,49). Conclusiones: Las variables antropométricas, los lípidos séricos y la glicemia fueron predictores de diversas pruebas de capacidad física en mujeres mayores.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Physical Fitness , Laboratories , Exercise , Body Mass Index , Anthropometry
7.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 68(3): 375-382, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143725

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is important for achieving healthy aging. Objective: To analyze changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among Chilean older adults after participating in a 16-week physical activity program and to evaluate whether there were differences in relation to their baseline nutritional status or not. Materials and methods: Pre-experimental quantitative study. The study population consisted of 176 older adults (155 women and 21 men) distributed in three groups: normal weight (n = 56), overweight (n=67) and obese (n = 53). The following variables were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and physical fitness. Results: Significant decreases between pre- and post-measurements were found for WC (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.015), and WHR (p<0.001). Improvements were observed in the following tests: chair stand (p<0.001), arm curl (p<0.001), 2-min step (p<0.001), chair sit-&-reach (p=0.018) and back scratch (p=0.014). Regarding BMI, significant changes were observed between normal weight vs. overweight participants (p=0.001) and between normal weight vs. obese participants (p=0.001). Conclusion: Older adult participants that regularly attended the physical activity program were able to reduce their WC, BMI and WHR, and also improved their physical-functional performance on the chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step, chair sit-&-reach and back scratch tests. In addition, anthropometric parameters and physical fitness also improved regardless of their baseline nutritional status.


Resumen Introducción. La actividad física es de gran importancia para lograr un envejecimiento saludable. Objetivos. Estudiar los cambios en los parámetros antropométricos y la condición física de adultos mayores (AM) chilenos después de 16 semanas de participación en un programa de actividad física, y evaluar las diferencias en relación con su estado nutricional inicial. Materiales y métodos. Estudio pre-experimental cuantitativo. Población: 176 AM (155 mujeres y 21 hombres) distribuidos en 3 grupos: normopesos (n = 56), sobrepesos (n=67) y obesos (n = 53). Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura-estatura (ICE) y condición física. Resultados. Se observaron reducciones significativas en PC (p<0.001), IMC (p=0.015) e ICE (p<0.001), y mejoras en las siguientes pruebas: sentarse y levantarse de una silla (p<0.001), flexiones del codo (p<0.001), dos minutos de marcha (p<0.001), flexión del tronco en silla (p=0.018) y juntar las manos tras la espalda (p=0.014). Se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al IMC entre participantes normopesos y sobrepesos (p=0.001), y entre normopesos y obesos (p=0.001). Conclusión. Los AM que participaron regularmente en el programa de actividad física lograron reducir su PC, IMC e ICE y mejorar su rendimiento físico-funcional en las pruebas de sentarse y levantarse de una silla, flexiones de codo, dos minutos de marcha, y flexibilidad del tren inferior y superior. Además, sus parámetros antropométricos y su condición física mejoraron independientemente de su estado nutricional inicial.

8.
Salud UNINORTE ; 36(2): 450-470, mayo-ago. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347855

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El envejecimiento es un proceso universal, irreversible e individual que provoca cambios morfofisiológicos en los sistemas músculo-esquelético, sistema nervioso central y los sistemas sensoriales (visual, vestibular y propiocepción), ocasionando mayor riesgo de caídas. Las caídas tienen una alta prevalencia y se han transformado en un importante problema de salud pública debido a los altos costos económicos y funcionales que representan en el adulto mayor. Para evitar estos eventos es importante conocer los cambios morfofisiológicos asociados al envejecimiento y planear estrategias de salud en las que se incorpore estimulación ósea, muscular, somatosensorial (propioceptiva) y cognitiva con el propósito de evitar el deterioro funcional y la discapacidad. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión es exponer el conocimiento actual de los cambios morfofisiológicos involucrados en el riesgo de caídas del adulto mayor.


ABSTRACT Aging is a universal, irreversible and individual process that causes morphophysiological changes in the musculoskeletal system, central nervous system and sensory systems (visual, vestibular and proprioception), increasing the risk of experiencing a falls. Falls have a high prevalence in older adults and have become an important public health concern due to the high economic and health-related costs that they represent. To address the increment of falls in older adults, it is important to know the anatomophysiological changes associated with aging and to plan health strategies where bone, muscular, somatosensory (proprioceptive) and cognitive stimulation is incorporated with the purpose of avoiding functional deterioration and disability. Based on the foregoing, the objective of this review is to describe how morphophysiological changes during the ageing process are associated with a higher risk of falls in older adults.

9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(10): 1143-1150, dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978749

ABSTRACT

Background:: The Senior Fitness Test (SFT) is frequently used to assess physical fitness and functional independence in older people. Aim: To establish reference values for the SFT in Chilean physically active older women according to age ranges. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 1048 Chilean women aged between 60 and 85 years. Chair stand (CS), arm curl (AC), two-min walk (2 min), chair sit-and-reach (CSr), back scratch (BS), and timed up-and-go test (TUG) were evaluated. The reference values are presented in percentiles (p5, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90 and p95) and are distributed age intervals (60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and ≥ 80 years). Results: There was a decrease in strength (CS and AC), aerobic resistance (2 min) and flexibility (CSr and BS) along with age, whereas the time required to perform the timed up and go increased along with age. Conclusions: Physically active older women show a deterioration in physical fitness along with age. These women have higher reference values in CS, AC, 2 min and CSr, and lower in BS and TUG, than those reported abroad for the SFT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Physical Fitness/physiology , Exercise Test/methods , Reference Values , Time Factors , Geriatric Assessment , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Age Factors , Muscle Strength/physiology
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(6): 682-690, nov.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903836

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Asociar los índices antropométricos de salud con la condición física de las mujeres mayores (MM) que participan en talleres de ejercicio físico. Material y métodos: Participaron 272 mujeres chilenas mayores de 60 años. Las variables correspondieron al IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura estatura (ICE) y condición física (CF). Se realizaron correlaciones a través del coeficiente de Pearson o Spearman, y asociaciones bivariadas mediante ji cuadrada de Pearson y el test exacto de Fisher, considerando un p<0.05. Resultados: De las MM, 70.8% alcanzó sobrepeso u obesidad; y 68.8% y 96% riesgo cardiometabólico de acuerdo con PC e ICE, respectivamente. Su CF presentó un rendimiento igual (53.5%) o superior (33.8%) según su edad y sexo. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico con las pruebas de CF (excepto la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, en donde la relación fue directa), y asociación directa con juntar manos. Conclusiones: El exceso de peso en MM físicamente activas no afecta su rendimiento físico-funcional; sin embargo, el riesgo cardiometabólico se asocia inversamente con la funcionalidad motriz.


Abstract: Objective: To associate health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness of elderly women (EW) who participate in physical exercise workshops. Materials and methods: 272 Chilean women over 60 years took part in the study. The variables studied were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI) and physical fitness (PF). Correlations were made through the Pearson or Spearman coefficient, and bivariate associations using Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. Results: 70.8% of the EW were overweight or obese; 68.8% and 96% were at cardiometabolic risk due to their WC and WHI, respectively. Their PF showed equal performance (53.5%) or higher (33.8%) according to their age and gender. Inverse correlations were found between nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk with PF tests (except for agility and dynamic balance [direct]), and direct association with back scratch test. Conclusions: Excess weight in physically active EW would not affect their physical-functional performance; however, cardiometabolic risk would be inversely associated with motor function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Exercise , Anthropometry , Physical Fitness , Body Mass Index , Chile , Nutritional Status , Risk , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-986338

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre el desarrollo psicomotor y el estado nutricional en niños de 4 a 5 años, pertenecientes a un establecimiento educacional municipal y niños pertenecientes a un establecimiento particular. El diseño es no experimental, transversal y correlacional. El enfoque es de tipo cuantitativo/racionalista. La población está compuesta por 54 niños y niñas de kínder. Para evaluar el desarrollo psicomotor se utilizó el test de Jack Capon, adaptación de Sergio Carrasco (1989). Para conseguir el estado nutricional se obtuvo el peso y la talla de la población. Los resulta-dos indican que los estudiantes del colegio particular, presentaron diferencias significativas en el desarrollo psicomotor, frente a los resultados de los de la escuela municipal. Así también los sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad, categorizados en malnutrición por exceso presentaron un rendimiento motor inferior en com-paración con los normopeso y bajo peso y en el ámbito de la imagen corporal a mayor peso es menor el reconocimiento de ella.


The aim of this research is to determine whether there are significant differences between psychomotor development and nutritional status in 4 to 5 year-old children that attend a municipal school and those that attend a private one. The design is non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational and the approach is quantitative/rationalist. The sample is made-up of 54 boys and girls in kindergarten. To evaluate psychomo-tor development, the Jack Capone Test, adapted by Sergio Carrasco (1989), was used. With regards to the nutritional status, the sample group's weight and height were obtained. Results revealed that the children from the private institution showed significant differences in psychomotor development compared to the results of the children from the municipal institution. Furthermore, the overweight or obese individuals, classified as suffering from malnutrition due to excessive amounts of food, showed inferior motor perfor-mance compared to the children with normal or below average weight. With regards to body image, the higher the weight, the lower the child's own body image.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Psychomotor Performance , Child Development , Nutritional Status , Weight by Height , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies
12.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(1): 73-82, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844586

ABSTRACT

La actividad física (AF) regular durante la infancia y adolescencia es importante para prevenir las enfermedades no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo. Objetivos: Validar un cuestionario que mide patrones de AF, su fiabilidad, comparar los niveles de AF alineados por edad cronológica y biológica y desarrollar curvas percentílicas para valorar los niveles de AF en función de la maduración biológica. Sujetos y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de una muestra no probabilística por cuotas, de 3.176 adolescentes (1.685 hombre y 1.491 mujeres) chilenos con edades entre 10,0 y 18,9 años. Se evaluó el peso y la estatura de pie y sentada. Se determinó la edad biológica a través de los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento y la edad cronológica en años. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal y se aplicó una encuesta de AF. Se utilizó el método LMS para desarrollar percentiles. Resultados: Los valores para el análisis confirmatorio mostraron saturaciones entre 0,517 y 0,653, el valor de adecuación de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) fue de 0,879 y el porcentaje de la varianza explicó el 70,8%. Los valores de alpha de Cronbach oscilaron entre 0,81 y 0,86. Hubo diferencias de AF entre ambos géneros cuando se alineó por edad cronológica y no hubo diferencias por edad biológica. Se proponen percentiles para clasificar la AF de adolescentes de ambos géneros de acuerdo a la edad biológica y al sexo. Conclusión: El cuestionario fue válido y confiable; la AF debe ser evaluada por la edad biológica. Estos hallazgos dieron origen al desarrollo de percentiles para valorar AF de acuerdo a la edad biológica y al género.


Regular physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the prevention of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Objectives: To validate a questionnaire for measuring patterns of PA, verify the reliability, comparing the levels of PA aligned with chronological and biological age, and to develop percentile curves to assess PA levels depending on biological maturation. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on a sample non-probabilistic quota of 3,176 Chilean adolescents (1685 males and 1491 females), with a mean age range from 10.0 to 18.9 years. An analysis was performed on, weight, standing and sitting height. The biological age through the years of peak growth rate and chronological age in years was determined. Body Mass Index was calculated and a survey of PA was applied. The LMS method was used to develop percentiles. Results: The values for the confirmatory analysis showed saturations between 0.517 and 0.653. The value of adequacy of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was 0.879 and with 70.8% of the variance explained. The Cronbach alpha values ranged from 0.81 to 0.86. There were differences between the genders when aligned chronological age. There were no differences when aligned by biological age. Percentiles are proposed to classify the PA of adolescents of both genders according to biological age and sex. Conclusion: The questionnaire used was valid and reliable, plus the PA should be evaluated by biological age. These findings led to the development of percentiles to assess PA according to biological age and gender.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Height/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Body Mass Index , Chile , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Age Factors
13.
Rev. méd. hered ; 24(1): 33-39, ene.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-673505

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia de los valores del porcentaje de grasa corporal utilizando una ecuación específica con los de tres ecuaciones genéricas en una población de niños escolares de moderada altitud del Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo-comparativo. Se seleccionaron de manera probabilística/estratificada 321 niñas y 338 niños de 7 a 11 años de 4 Centros Educativos de la red pública de zonas urbanas de la provincia de Arequipa, Perú (2320 msnm). Se les determinó peso corporal, estatura, pliegues cutáneos: bicipital, tricipital, subescapular y suprailiaco. El cálculo del porcentaje de grasa se realizó con una ecuación específica A (Jaramillo y Rosell) y tres ecuaciones genéricas: B (Slaughter), C (Brook) y D (Boileau). Para la comparación se utilizó la t de student para muestras apareadas, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el análisis con el enfoque de componentes de la varianza con el método de Bland y Altman. Resultados: En las niñas la concordancia entre las ecuaciones A con B, C y D fue 11,06, 3,71 y 2.00 respectivamente y en los niños fue 1,34, 1,34 y 1,58 respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren el uso de la ecuación de Boileau para niños de ambos sexos y la ecuación de Slaughter para niñas.


Objective: Determine the concordance between the estimated percentages of body fat tissue using a specific equation with that of three generic equations in a school age population of moderate altitude. Methods: Descriptive comparative study. A total of 321 girls and 338 boys aged 7-11 years from 4 Schools of urban Arequipa (altitude of 2320 masl) were selected by using probabilistic-stratified methods. Body weight, height, and skin fold calipers: bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac. The percentage of body fat tissue was estimated using an specific equation A (Jaramillo and Rosell) and with three generic equations: B (Slaughter), C (Brook) and D (Boileau). Student´s t-test, Spearman´s correlation coefficient and analysis of variance using the Bland and Altman´s method were used to compare the results. Results: The concordance observed in girls between values obtained with equations A compared with B, C and D were 11.06, 3.71 and 2.00 respectively. Values for boys were 1.34, 1.34 and 1.58 respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest using BoileauÆs equation for girls and boys and SalughterÆs equation for girls.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Altitude , Anthropometry , Body Composition , Body Height , Child , Body Weight , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Peru
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